{"id":8106,"date":"2021-01-23T14:43:08","date_gmt":"2021-01-23T13:43:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monteprama.it\/?page_id=8106"},"modified":"2024-08-05T18:00:26","modified_gmt":"2024-08-05T16:00:26","slug":"the-peoples-of-sinis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/monteprama.it\/en\/the-sinis\/the-peoples-of-sinis\/","title":{"rendered":"The peoples of Sinis"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” css=”.vc_custom_1678983533912{background-color: #5194b1 !important;}”][vc_column][vc_empty_space][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

The peoples of Sinis<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

The Sinis area, which has complex and rich geographical and environmental features, is also dotted with numerous archaeological sites belonging to the nuragic, phoenician-punic and roman periods.<\/h2>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1678983751545{padding-bottom: 5px !important;padding-left: 5px !important;background-color: #5194b1 !important;}”]<\/p>\n

The origins of nuragic civilisation<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]The Sinis has provided scarce but significant archaeological evidence of the phases preceding the nuragic period.<\/strong>
\nScant remains of the early bronze age are extant: they include the underground tombs of\u00a0Serra \u2018e is Araus near San Vero Milis<\/strong>\u00a0with materials belonging to the Bell Beaker-Bonnanaro culture (early bronze 1) and those of\u00a0S\u2019Arrocca Tunda<\/strong>\u00a0with elements of material culture belonging to the early bronze 2 period.<\/p>\n

Remains from the middle bronze age 1 are the\u00a0chamber tombs\u00a0(domus de janas)<\/em>\u00a0of Serra \u2018e is Araus<\/strong>\u00a0and those in the village of\u00a0Sa Pesada Manna at Cabras<\/strong>.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1678983857216{padding-bottom: 5px !important;padding-left: 5px !important;background-color: #5194b1 !important;}”]<\/p>\n

The nuragic period<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Between the middle bronze age 3 and the recent bronze age, from the 16th to the 13th centuries BC, we witness the massive spread of classic nuraghes in two areas of the Sinis district: central-northern, in the territory of today\u2019s San Vero Milis and Riola Sardo, and central-southern, in the territory of Cabras.<\/p>\n

From the earliest archaeological investigations, the Sinis revealed a high density of nuraghes. According to a recent count by scholar Alessandro Usai, some ninety-three nuraghes have been found in this area: the least frequent type is the simple, or single-tower nuraghe of normal size. There are several complex nuraghes, and finally a large number of small nuraghes, known as nuracheddus.<\/p>\n

About seventy-one nuragic settlements have also been discovered: they developed in the golden age of the nuragic fortresses and continued to be inhabited after their decline.<\/p>\n

The most notable are the nuraghes S\u00e0rgara, Piscina Arrubia, Su Cadalanu, Leporada and Matta Tramontis in the southern area in the territory of Cabras, and Su Cunventu, Spinarba, Nurache \u2018e Mesu and Sa \u2018e Procus in the northern part belonging to San Vero Milis.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row”][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”3103″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” onclick=”link_image” css_animation=”none” el_class=”didascalia”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”3097″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” onclick=”link_image” css_animation=”none” el_class=”didascalia”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”3100″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” onclick=”link_image” css_animation=”none” el_class=”didascalia”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”3106″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” onclick=”link_image” css_animation=”none” el_class=”didascalia”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”3109″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” onclick=”link_image” css_animation=”none” el_class=”didascalia”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Thus, this territory is dotted by nuraghes and settlements which generally occupy the summit of hills and the borders of the plateaux, forming a network established to control and manage the area. The area also shows surprising scarcity of the classic Nuragic collective burials, the \u2018tombs of the giants\u2019: only three are known, of which two destroyed and one (Su Cuccuru Mannu of Riola) not constructed but dug out of a sandstone ridge. The religious structures are also few in number, either destroyed or in very poor condition. The most notable ones are the\u00a0sacred well of Cuccuru \u2018e is Arrius\u00a0<\/strong>and the\u00a0hypogeum of San Salvatore<\/strong>, dating from the Roman Imperial period, consisting of a round underground chamber and an access staircase. It recalls very closely the design of nuragic holy wells and might have originated from one of them.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1678984100859{padding-bottom: 5px !important;padding-left: 5px !important;background-color: #5194b1 !important;}”]<\/p>\n

The phoenician-punic age<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Between the 12th and the 9th centuries BC, in the late bronze age and early iron age, in the nuragic communities we note an interesting presence of pottery and bronze objects of eastern origin, first Cypriot and subsequently phoenician. In this period there is evidence of trading between the different peoples and cultures, but the foreign traders did not yet establish true settlements. From the 8th and 7th centuries BC, phoenician presence on the island became more stable. Particularly important was the area of Tharros, whose phoenician settlement dated from the 7th century BC, developing in the areas of Capo San Marco and San Giovanni.<\/p>\n

The punic (i.e. Carthaginian) presence is documented starting from the 6th century BC.<\/p>\n

The spread of population in the Sinis peninsula is indissolubly linked to the history of the city of Tharros, the only urban centre controlling the northern border of the area of today\u2019s Oristano. The marked transformations which occurred in the city following the advent of the carthaginians soon extended to the surrounding area.
\nThe carthaginians preferred to occupy the plains area but also the slopes of the low reliefs found in the area: remains of their presence are found from south to north, especially around the Mistras lagoon and in the strip between the lagoon, the Cabras wetland, the Su Pranu plateau and the sea.
\nIn the earlier phases, punic presence is documented mainly by pottery findings, mainly amphoras used for transportation. In the 5th century, their presence on the territory intensified, with few large settlements and a large number of small villages. This hierarchy of settlements stemmed from a policy of in-depth exploitation of the territory.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row”][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”15711″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” onclick=”link_image” css_animation=”none” el_class=”didascalia”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”15701″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” onclick=”link_image” css_animation=”none” el_class=”didascalia”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1679491434508{padding-bottom: 5px !important;padding-left: 5px !important;background-color: #5194b1 !important;}”]<\/p>\n

The late punic\u00a0period<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]In the 4th and 3rd centuries BC population pressure on the territory peaked, with a large number of settlements, mostly in continuity with earlier periods. Recent studies, mainly referred to surface surveys, indicate that the local people built a number of places of worship, witnessed by the presence of pottery. In many cases, nuragic monuments present in the area were reused as religious sites.
\nBurial areas are less well known, except for the necropolis of the city of Tharros.<\/p>\n

The organisation of the territory of the late punic period was largely maintained after the passage to roman domination. The existing settlements and sacred structures continued to be used until early imperial times.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row”][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”15705″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” onclick=”link_image” css_animation=”none” el_class=”didascalia”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”15685″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” onclick=”link_image” css_animation=”none” el_class=”didascalia”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” css=”.vc_custom_1678983533912{background-color: #5194b1 !important;}”][vc_column][vc_empty_space][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

The peoples of Sinis<\/strong><\/h1>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

The Sinis area, which has complex and rich geographical and environmental features, is also dotted with numerous archaeological sites belonging to the nuragic, phoenician-punic and roman periods.<\/h2>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1678983751545{padding-bottom: 5px !important;padding-left: 5px !important;background-color: #5194b1 !important;}”]<\/p>\n

The origins of nuragic civilisation<\/strong><\/h4>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]The Sinis has provided scarce but significant archaeological evidence of the phases preceding the nuragic period.<\/strong>
\nScant remains of the early bronze age are extant: they include the underground tombs of\u00a0Serra \u2018e is Araus near San Vero Milis<\/strong>\u00a0with materials belonging to the Bell Beaker-Bonnanaro culture (early bronze 1) and those of\u00a0S\u2019Arrocca Tunda<\/strong>\u00a0with elements of material culture belonging to the early bronze 2 period.<\/p>\n

Remains from the middle bronze age 1 are the\u00a0chamber tombs\u00a0(domus de janas)<\/em>\u00a0of Serra \u2018e is Araus<\/strong>\u00a0and those in the village of\u00a0Sa Pesada Manna at Cabras<\/strong>.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1678983857216{padding-bottom: 5px !important;padding-left: 5px !important;background-color: #5194b1 !important;}”]<\/p>\n

The nuragic period<\/strong><\/h4>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Between the middle bronze age 3 and the recent bronze age, from the 16th to the 13th centuries BC, we witness the massive spread of classic nuraghes in two areas of the Sinis district: central-northern, in the territory of today\u2019s San Vero Milis and Riola Sardo, and central-southern, in the territory of Cabras.<\/p>\n

From the earliest archaeological investigations, the Sinis revealed a high density of nuraghes. According to a recent count by scholar Alessandro Usai, some ninety-three nuraghes have been found in this area: the least frequent type is the simple, or single-tower nuraghe of normal size. There are several complex nuraghes, and finally a large number of small nuraghes, known as nuracheddus.<\/p>\n

About seventy-one nuragic settlements have also been discovered: they developed in the golden age of the nuragic fortresses and continued to be inhabited after their decline.<\/p>\n

The most notable are the nuraghes S\u00e0rgara, Piscina Arrubia, Su Cadalanu, Leporada and Matta Tramontis in the southern area in the territory of Cabras, and Su Cunventu, Spinarba, Nurache \u2018e Mesu and Sa \u2018e Procus in the northern part belonging to San Vero Milis.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row”][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”3103″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” onclick=”link_image” css_animation=”none” el_class=”didascalia”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”3097″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” onclick=”link_image” css_animation=”none” el_class=”didascalia”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”3100″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” onclick=”link_image” css_animation=”none” el_class=”didascalia”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”3106″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” onclick=”link_image” css_animation=”none” el_class=”didascalia”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”3109″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” onclick=”link_image” css_animation=”none” el_class=”didascalia”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Thus, this territory is dotted by nuraghes and settlements which generally occupy the summit of hills and the borders of the plateaux, forming a network established to control and manage the area. The area also shows surprising scarcity of the classic Nuragic collective burials, the \u2018tombs of the giants\u2019: only three are known, of which two destroyed and one (Su Cuccuru Mannu of Riola) not constructed but dug out of a sandstone ridge. The religious structures are also few in number, either destroyed or in very poor condition. The most notable ones are the\u00a0sacred well of Cuccuru \u2018e is Arrius\u00a0<\/strong>and the\u00a0hypogeum of San Salvatore<\/strong>, dating from the Roman Imperial period, consisting of a round underground chamber and an access staircase. It recalls very closely the design of nuragic holy wells and might have originated from one of them.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1678984100859{padding-bottom: 5px !important;padding-left: 5px !important;background-color: #5194b1 !important;}”]<\/p>\n

The phoenician-punic age<\/strong><\/h4>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Between the 12th and the 9th centuries BC, in the late bronze age and early iron age, in the nuragic communities we note an interesting presence of pottery and bronze objects of eastern origin, first Cypriot and subsequently phoenician. In this period there is evidence of trading between the different peoples and cultures, but the foreign traders did not yet establish true settlements. From the 8th and 7th centuries BC, phoenician presence on the island became more stable. Particularly important was the area of Tharros, whose phoenician settlement dated from the 7th century BC, developing in the areas of Capo San Marco and San Giovanni.<\/p>\n

The punic (i.e. Carthaginian) presence is documented starting from the 6th century BC.<\/p>\n

The spread of population in the Sinis peninsula is indissolubly linked to the history of the city of Tharros, the only urban centre controlling the northern border of the area of today\u2019s Oristano. The marked transformations which occurred in the city following the advent of the carthaginians soon extended to the surrounding area.
\nThe carthaginians preferred to occupy the plains area but also the slopes of the low reliefs found in the area: remains of their presence are found from south to north, especially around the Mistras lagoon and in the strip between the lagoon, the Cabras wetland, the Su Pranu plateau and the sea.
\nIn the earlier phases, punic presence is documented mainly by pottery findings, mainly amphoras used for transportation. In the 5th century, their presence on the territory intensified, with few large settlements and a large number of small villages. This hierarchy of settlements stemmed from a policy of in-depth exploitation of the territory.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row”][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”15711″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” onclick=”link_image” css_animation=”none” el_class=”didascalia”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”15701″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” onclick=”link_image” css_animation=”none” el_class=”didascalia”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1679491434508{padding-bottom: 5px !important;padding-left: 5px !important;background-color: #5194b1 !important;}”]<\/p>\n

The late punic\u00a0period<\/strong><\/h4>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]In the 4th and 3rd centuries BC population pressure on the territory peaked, with a large number of settlements, mostly in continuity with earlier periods. Recent studies, mainly referred to surface surveys, indicate that the local people built a number of places of worship, witnessed by the presence of pottery. In many cases, nuragic monuments present in the area were reused as religious sites.
\nBurial areas are less well known, except for the necropolis of the city of Tharros.<\/p>\n

The organisation of the territory of the late punic period was largely maintained after the passage to roman domination. The existing settlements and sacred structures continued to be used until early imperial times.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row”][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”15705″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” onclick=”link_image” css_animation=”none” el_class=”didascalia”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”15685″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” onclick=”link_image” css_animation=”none” el_class=”didascalia”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":3091,"parent":8082,"menu_order":6,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8106","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nThe peoples of Sinis - Mont'e Prama<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/monteprama.it\/en\/the-sinis\/the-peoples-of-sinis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"false\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"8\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/monteprama.it\/en\/the-sinis\/the-peoples-of-sinis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mont'e Prama\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/wearemonteprama\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-08-05T16:00:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/monteprama.sititest.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/domus-de-janas-Serra-e-is-Araus.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/monteprama.sititest.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/domus-de-janas-Serra-e-is-Araus.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/monteprama.it\\\/en\\\/the-sinis\\\/the-peoples-of-sinis\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/monteprama.it\\\/en\\\/the-sinis\\\/the-peoples-of-sinis\\\/\",\"name\":\"The peoples of Sinis - 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